coronaviridae
coronaviridae / corona viruses (CoV)
introduction
single stranded enveloped RNA viruses
coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
four coronaviruses continually circulate in the human population and produce the generally mild symptoms of the
common cold in adults and children worldwide of which they cause around 15% (most other common colds are caused by
rhinovirus): -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63
they generally enter animal cells via binding to either:
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE, although some models place the common ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, implying long term coevolution with bat and avian species
Phylogenetic CoV groups
alpha (group 1)
a novel group 1 CoV called swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV) emerged from bats causing the loss of over 20,000 pigs in Guangdong Province, China in 2018
Alphacoronavirus 1
Human coronavirus 229E
Human coronavirus NL63
Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1
Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2
Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512
beta (group 2)
many group 2 SARS-like and MERS-like coronaviruses are circulating in bat reservoir species that can use human receptors and replicate efficiently in primary human lung cells without adaptation
group 2b SARS-like CoV represent an existential and future threat to global health as evidenced by the emergence of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Betacoronavirus 1
Bovine Coronavirus
thought to have originated in rodents and not in bats
in the 1790s, equine coronavirus diverged from the bovine coronavirus after a cross-species jump.
Human coronavirus OC43
in the 1890s, human coronavirus OC43 diverged from bovine coronavirus after another cross-species jump which may have caused the 1890 “flu” pandemic
besides causing respiratory infections, it is also suspected of playing a role in neurological diseases
in the 1950s, it began to diverge into its present genotypes
Hedgehog coronavirus 1
Human coronavirus HKU1
-
Murine coronavirus
Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4
gamma (group 3)
delta (group 4)
coronaviridae.txt · Last modified: 2020/04/26 18:04 by gary1