see also:

• paediatric emergency medicine
• asthma
• Mx of critically severe paediatric asthma
• paediatric asthma
• immunology
• adaptive immunity

• exposure to antibiotics in infancy appears to be a causal factor ¹⁾
  • potential role of antibiotic effect upon GIT microbiome and the change in development of the immune system
• earlier cessation of breastfeeding
  • those breastfed > 6 months had a slightly lower incidence of asthma attacks ²⁾
• severe adult onset asthma in men over 40yrs age:
  • appears to be related to cytotoxic CD103⁺ CD4⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells which gather in the lungs and which display T_H1 cytotoxic GZMB, GZMA) and pro-inflammatory features (via non-TH2 cytokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, TNF, LIGHT), combined with an absence of helpful cells in the lungs ³⁾