https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/ Sun, 06 Sep 2026 18:00:20 +0000 FeedCreator 1.8 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/favicon.ico https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/ https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=chos carbohydrates and sugars see also: * lactose * fructose * irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) * obesity and weight management Introduction * carbohydrates are biologic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, usually with the empirical formula of Cm(H2O)n (except for deoxyribose which is in DNA) and form a substantive part of animal diets and energy supply wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) Sun, 06 Sep 2026 04:48:25 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=sbo small bowel obstruction see also: * central / periumbilical abdominal pain in the ED * the patient with acute abdominal pain in the ED * large bowel obstruction * Emedicine * Western Health's pathway for mx of small bowel obstruction (pdf) introduction * SBOs can be partial or complete, simple (ie, non-strangulated) or strangulated (40%)). * strangulated obstructions are surgical emergencies. If not diagnosed and properly treated, vascular compromise leads to bowel ischemia and furth… wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) Sat, 05 Sep 2026 23:55:54 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=food_poisoning food poisoning see also: * gastroenteritis * The child with gastroenteritis * traveller's diarrhoea * diarrhoea Introduction * illness after eating food may be caused by either: * toxins in the food produced by bacterial contamination of the food * symptoms tend to occur very soon after ingestion eg. Staph, E.coli toxins, wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) Sat, 05 Sep 2026 23:49:53 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=vasculitis vasculitis see also: * collagen vascular disorders introduction * vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessels (usually the term is applied to arterial system rather than venous which tend to fall under the thrombophlebitis term) * systemic vasculitis may be acute, subacute or chronic, and may cause widespread organ damage from either local bleeding, thrombosis or ischaemia, and generally only causes inflammation in certain sizes of vessels depending upon the pathology. wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) Sat, 05 Sep 2026 04:25:41 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=extrapyramidal_reactions extrapyramidal reactions such as oculogyric crisis, dystonic reactions, akathisia see also: * Parkinson's disease * serotonin syndrome * neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) Introduction * acute extrapyramidal reactions are quite common neurologic reactions in some patients who take medications which block dopamine D2 receptors wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) Sat, 05 Sep 2026 04:11:09 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=dna DNA and genes see also: * genetics * genomics * gene regulation * micro RNAs (miRNAs) Introduction * the human genome consists of over three billion nucleotide pairs which make up the 46 chromosomes in each nucleated cell * an average chromosome contains 130 million nucleotide pairs which if put into a line would be 4cm long! gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Fri, 04 Sep 2026 04:23:43 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=tea_coffee tea and coffee see also: * caffeine * diets and healthy foods Introduction * drinking coffee and tea daily in moderation appear to have a variety of health benefits with significant reductions in all cause mortality * regular caffeine intake results in tolerance (and also risk of withdrawal symptoms upon cessation): gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Fri, 04 Sep 2026 03:59:59 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=ebola Ebola virus disease (EVD) see also: * viruses * WH Ebola plan Dec 2014 * WHO - Ebola * Aust. Govt. - Ebola information * Aust. Govt. case definitions Ebola * Vic. Govt Ebola Response Plan 2014 (pdf) * if suspect a case (see below for criteria): * under law must notify the Department (DH) immediately by calling 1300 651 160 in order to enable an assessment by the Chief Health Officer (CHO) or delegate and in order to trigger other immediate public health actions. gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Fri, 04 Sep 2026 03:09:36 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=clonus clonus see also: * neurology * upper motor neuron weakness * weakness of the lower limb(s) / weak in the knees Introduction * clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations triggered by a sudden stretch of a muscle, most commonly elicited by the clinician rapidly dorsiflexing the ankle joint and holding it dorsiflexed, but can also be elicited at the knee, wrist, fingers or jaw gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Fri, 04 Sep 2026 03:06:54 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=weakness_umn upper motor neuron weakness see also: * neurology * clonus * weakness of the lower limb(s) / weak in the knees * stroke patterns Introduction * muscle weakness due to pathology affecting the upper motor neurons which characteristically results in hyperreflexia, spasticity, clonus and muscle weakness * in a patient with decreased conscious state, gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Fri, 04 Sep 2026 03:06:35 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=it:ai_history timeline of artificial intelligence development and related issues see also: * artificial intelligence * timeline of medical artificial intelligence development * AI terminology * information technology main index * AI Large Language Models (LLMs) * AI - image generation * AI and the future * the future world when AI reaches AGI level and beyond * Lev Selector's powerpoint slides on weekly AI news * Amara's Law: * We are prone to overestimating the impact of new technologies in t… gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) it Thu, 03 Sep 2026 22:44:23 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=pulmonary_hypertension pulmonary hypertension (PAH) see also: * pulmonary fibrosis introduction * defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 mm Hg at rest or greater than 30 mm Hg during exercise * characterized by a progressive and sustained increase in pulmonary vascular resistance that eventually leads to RVF and gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Thu, 03 Sep 2026 13:41:03 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=zoonoses zoonoses see also: * clinically important bacteria * viruses * parasites * brucellosis * the febrile returned traveller * pets as source of illness * wikipedia for a full list of zoonoses introduction * a zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans but is not dependent upon humans for their life cycle * diseases like malaria, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and elephantiasis are not zoonotic, even though they may be transmitted by insects or u… gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Thu, 03 Sep 2026 10:51:55 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=steatohepatitis steatohepatitis (fatty liver) see also: * hepatitis * liver diseases introduction * steatohepatitis is a progression of fatty liver disease and may progress on to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma * initially it is asymptomatic and may only be discovered as a result of: * raised liver function tests (LFTs) * hepatomegaly * diagnosis on USS or CT abdo gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Thu, 03 Sep 2026 04:02:59 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=gut-brain gut-brain axis and the GIT microbiome see also: * the brain * the GIT microbiome Introduction * the gut-brain axis links emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions which is modulated by gut microbiome - microbiota and GBA appears to be bidirectional, through signaling from gut-microbiota to brain and from brain to gut-microbiota by means of neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral links gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Thu, 03 Sep 2026 03:39:32 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=cachexia cachexia see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours * oncology * anorexia nervosa / eating disorders Introduction * “Most people with cancer die of cachexia caused by the cancer instead of the cancer itself” Pathophysiologic mechanisms Cytokines and inflammation IL-6 as mediator of brain dysfunction and cachexia in cancer patients gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Thu, 03 Sep 2026 03:31:32 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=diets diets and healthy foods see also: * healthy living and diets * foods that may be toxic or bad for you * FODMAPs and the low FODMAP diet * salt / sodium in food products * honey * creatine * milk and dairy products * atherosclerosis and primary prevention * 2019 Lancet commission into best diet for health and environment * 2024: Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet * accurate evidence… gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Wed, 02 Sep 2026 22:47:27 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=respiratory respiratory medicine see also: * respiratory ventilation physiology * acid-base physiology * spirometry lung function tests * the chest X-ray (CXR) * acute dyspnoea / shortness of breath (SOB) * the persistent cough * hypoxia * Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) * e-cigarette or vaping pulmonary injury * paediatric asthma * asthma * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Mx of the wheezy elderly patient - acute pulmonary oedema versus asthma * bronchiolitis * cro… gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Wed, 02 Sep 2026 11:08:04 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=ventilation respiratory ventilation physiology see also: * hypercapnia * spirometry lung function tests * acid-base physiology * assisted ventilation * non-invasive ventilation * non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) * noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV or NIPPV) * Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) * Assist-Control Ventilation (ACV) * pathophysiology of mechanical ventilation Introduction * respiratory ventilation is generally closely controlled t… gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Wed, 02 Sep 2026 11:07:29 +0000 https://ozemedicine.com/wiki/doku.php?id=stroke_patterns stroke patterns see also: * neurology * stroke (CVA) * upper motor neuron weakness * weakness_UL * weakness of the lower limb(s) / weak in the knees * paraesthesiae or numbness cerebral lesions pure motor hemiplegia * lesion in the pons, posterior limb of internal capsule, or cerebral peduncle * paralysis of face, arm, and leg without sensory loss * no parietal lobe findings gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) Wed, 02 Sep 2026 10:42:37 +0000