OzEMedicine - Wiki for Australian Emergency Medicine Doctors

traveling to Croatia for conferences - [Opatija Conf 2026]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 08:55:27 +0000

traveling to Croatia for conferences see also: * travel for international conferences - visas and travel authorisations * traveling to Prague and Czech Republic for conferences * traveling to conferences in Italy Introduction * main airport and capital is Zagreb which is inland and north-east, near the Slovenia border * Dalmatian coastal towns include: * Pula * Opatija * cool-mild in early May with max temperatures ~18degC

timeline of artificial intelligence development and related issues - [2026]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 06:52:12 +0000

timeline of artificial intelligence development and related issues see also: * artificial intelligence * timeline of medical artificial intelligence development * AI terminology * information technology main index * AI Large Language Models (LLMs) * AI - image generation * AI and the future * the future world when AI reaches AGI level and beyond * Lev Selector's powerpoint slides on weekly AI news * Amara's Law: * We are prone to overestimating the impact of new technologies in t…

foods that may be toxic or bad for you - [food constituents that are generally harmful]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 04:08:55 +0000

foods that may be toxic or bad for you see also: * toxinology * blue-green algae (BGA) toxins in waterways * food poisoning * air pollution and health risks * bio-accumulations and long term health * diets and healthy foods * Toxins (Basel). 2010 Sep Naturally Occurring Food Toxins Introduction * anything taken too much is bad for you - even water and oxygen * foods can cause illness if: * a person has a medically specific intolerance * a person has an allergy -

ethanol (alcohol and alcohol withdrawal) - [Chronic use toxicity]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 04:06:05 +0000

ethanol (alcohol and alcohol withdrawal) see also: * ethanol intoxication * cirrhosis * Western Health policies (intranet only): * alcohol withdrawal * alcohol withdrawal scale Introduction * ethanol is primarily a CNS depressant acting by stimulating GABAA receptor in the CNS. * from 1996-2005 throughout Australia, each year, an average of over 80,000 were hospitalised, and over 3,000 died from alcohol attributable injury and disease caused by risky/high risk drinking - mainly due…

Salmonella typhi (typhoid enteric fever) - [ED Mx of suspected typhoid or paratyphoid enteric ...

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Thu, 02 Apr 2026 12:44:17 +0000

Salmonella typhi (typhoid enteric fever) see also: * clinically important bacteria * antibiotics * shigella * paratyphoid enteric fever * gastroenteritis * the febrile returned traveller * traveller's diarrhoea introduction * Salmonella are Gram negative anaerobe clinically important bacteria * certain host factors make humans particularly susceptible to infection, contracted by ingesting contaminated food or water

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) - [Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 11:25:01 +0000

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) see also: * WHO fact sheet * malaria * dengue fever * viruses * Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) * * in 2026, the Victorian Govt advisary now has been updated to recommend recreational campers who go to northern half of Victoria should consider getting the Japanese encephalitis vaccine

exercise for health - [Introduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 04:11:20 +0000

exercise for health see also: * nature exposure and benefits to health * atherosclerosis and primary prevention * obesity and weight management * frailty * Am Heart Association recommendations for exercise in adults Introduction * regular exercise is critical to maintain cardiovascular health, reduce chronic disease risks including cancer and improve mental health * ideally there should be a variety of exercise types undertaken regularly such as walking, walking up hills or stairs, an…

phthalates - [Risk reduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 01:09:53 +0000

phthalates see also: * endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) * foods that may be toxic or bad for you * bisphenols (Bisphenol A (BPA), etc) * Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including PFOA, PFOS, GenX, Teflon Introduction * phthalates are a group of commonly used chemicals which have been found to potentially have adverse effects on humans and presumably other animals * these substances can break down into microscopic particles and enter the body through food, air,…

bisphenols (Bisphenol A (BPA), etc) - [bisphenols (Bisphenol A (BPA), etc)]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 01:03:44 +0000

bisphenols (Bisphenol A (BPA), etc) see also: * phthalates * Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including PFOA, PFOS, GenX, Teflon * foods that may be toxic or bad for you * endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Introduction * these are commonly used chemicals * BPA and similar are used in the lining of some food and beverage packaging to protect food from contamination and extend shelf life

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including PFOA, PFOS, GenX, Teflon - ...

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:54:29 +0000

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including PFOA, PFOS, GenX, Teflon see also: * toxinology * phthalates * bisphenols (Bisphenol A (BPA), etc) * US EPA basic information on PFAS * NSW Health advisory * * July 2020: A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water * Youtube - a doco on the history of …

endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) - [Sources of EDCs]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:46:46 +0000

endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) see also: * endocrinology * foods that may be toxic or bad for you * * WHO publication 2002 Global assessment on the state of the science of endocrine disruptors Introduction * endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals which can mimic, block, or interfere with the body's hormones * 95% of people have endocrine disruptin…

infertility - [causes of male infertility]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:32:36 +0000

infertility see also: * gynaecology * follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) * luteinizing hormone (LH) introduction * defined as the inability for a couple to concieve within 1 year of unprotected intercourse * 15% of couples meet this criterion * 35% of these are due to female factors alone, 30% due to male factors alone, 20% due to combined male and female factors, and 15% are unexplained

cellular physiology - [cellular replicative senescence]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:31:04 +0000

cellular physiology see also: * cellular physiology - endoplasmic reticulum Introduction Organelles and other cellular components nucleus * contains the genetic material (DNA), RNA to create proteins, and proteins to maintain correct folding and functioning of the nucleus components as well as transport across the nucleus membrane

vitamin D - [excessive vitamin D levels]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:11:12 +0000

vitamin D see also: * calcium * calcitonin * parathyroid hormone (PTH) * bone physiology * ultraviolet light exposure (UV) * patient information sheets: * RCH - rickets (pdf) introduction * Inadequate vitamin D nutrition is associated with impaired intestinal calcium absorption and must be corrected for ingested calcium to be effective. *

aciclovir and related antivirals (famciclovir, valaciclovir) - [introduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 07:09:07 +0000

aciclovir and related antivirals (famciclovir, valaciclovir) see also: * viruses * Herpes simplex virus (HSV) * varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox/shingles) * herpes zoster (shingles) * meningitis introduction * aciclovir is an antiviral agent which is active against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II and varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox/shingles)). * also used as prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with HIV / AIDS * in infected cells, HSV or VZV coded thymidi…

the patient with acute RUQ pain in ED - [differential diagnosis:]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 06:22:24 +0000

the patient with acute RUQ pain in ED read this first: abdominal pain in ED right upper quadrant pain: differential diagnosis: hepatobiliary: * see also: liver function tests (LFTs) * differential diagnosis: * biliary colic: * acute onset severe RUQ pain, usually going through to R scapula *

gallbladder polyps - [Introduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 06:19:50 +0000

gallbladder polyps see also: * biliary colic * gallbladder and bile duct tumours * more details of GB polyps, see Introduction * most are benign but as delayed diagnosis of malignancy is a poor prognosis, and even benign ones may become symptomatic, elective cholecystectomy may be indicated

biliary colic

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 06:19:20 +0000

biliary colic see also: * the patient with acute abdominal pain in the ED * cholelithiasis (gallstones) * gallbladder polyps * at Western Health, these patients are generally suitable for admission to SSU (EOU) however all patients presenting with symptomatic known or suspected biliary disease (or those with stones > 2cm) should be referred to surgical registrar to ensure timely surgical Mx and prevention of complicated disease

motor neurone disease (MND) - [Risk factors]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 04:46:52 +0000

motor neurone disease (MND) see also: * Cranial nerve examination * Neuropathies * bulbar palsy and pseudobulbar palsy Introduction * a group of progressive neuronal degenerative diseases with generally poor prognosis * when one talks on MND, they are usually referring to ALS which is a type of motor neuron disease

acute generalized non-vesicular non-purpuric rashes covering most parts of the body - [DDx]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 29 Mar 2026 11:21:28 +0000

acute generalized non-vesicular non-purpuric rashes covering most parts of the body see also: * dermatology * localised rashes * paediatric exanthems * DDx * hypersensitivity reactions * urticaria * erythema multiforme * drug eruption * morbilliform drug reaction * drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (