absence of fever
younger than 6 mths or older than 5 yrs
PH epilepsy - prolonged seizure > 10min
persisting irritability, confusion or decreased mental state
multiple seizures
focal seizure or absence seizure
focal abnormal neurologic features preceding or following seizure
suspicion of meningitis:
irritability, lethargy, photophobia, neck stiffness, fever < 6mths, bulging fontanelle
purpuric rash
history of ingestion or head injury
evidence of metabolic disturbance such as hypoglycaemia, hypoNa, hypoCa, hypoMg