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--- cell [2026/04/01 00:31] – [cellular replicative senescence] gary1
+++ cell [2026/04/06 23:39] (current) – [mitochondria] gary1
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 ====mitochondria====
   *mitochondria provide power to the cell
-  *mitochondria have their own DNA, a small circular strand with about three dozen genes which is a remnant from bacteria which settled in our single celled ancestors 1.5 billion years ago
+  *mitochondria have their own DNA ("mtDNA"), a small circular strand with about three dozen genes which is a remnant from bacteria which settled in our single celled ancestors 1.5 billion years ago
+  *mtDNA is packaged by proteins and forms uniform, evenly-spaced membrane-less droplets within mitochondria called nucleoids
+    * when stressed, these droplets can fuse together forming larger droplets which may be a cause of cellular senescence(([[https://www.psu.edu/news/eberly-college-science/story/how-droplet-structures-mitochondria-influence-aging]]))
   ***NUMTs**
     *mitochondrial DNA has occasionally "jumped" out of the mitochondria and into human chromosomes creating DNA insertions called nuclear-mitochondrial segments - NUMTs ("pronounced new-mites") which have been accumulating in our chromosomes for millions of years - most humans have hundreds of these inherited NUMTs which seem to be benign