OzEMedicine - Wiki for Australian Emergency Medicine Doctors

toxoplasmosis - [Life cycle]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 10:13:07 +0000

toxoplasmosis see also: * parasites * Introduction * Toxoplasma gondii was discovered in 1908 and is one of the most successful global parasites which appears to be primarily spread by oocytes shed in cat faeces * cats appear to be the definitive host and the only host capable of shedding oocytes

honey - [Manuka honey (MH)]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 10:08:52 +0000

honey see also: * diets and healthy foods Introduction * honey is primarily composed of fructose (33-43%), glucose (25-35%), sucrose (0.2-2%) and water (17-20%) but also contains other substances which can have anti-oxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions such as:

physiology of sleep - [sleep deprivation]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 10:06:30 +0000

physiology of sleep see also: * sleep * sleep hygiene * insomnia * fatigue * shift work * Managing jet lag and your body clock introduction * During a single 24 hour day we have a period of 6-10 hours when we are very sleepy. This is the time when we normally sleep. During the remaining 14-18 hours we are usually awake; however, only a portion of that waking time is suitable for intellectual effort. This period of maximum alertness may last as little as 2-6 hours. We should plan our d…

ageing - [why do we age?]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 09:56:37 +0000

ageing see also: * androgen deficiency * geriatrics * longevity and immortality * wikipedia * 2026: Aging and Cardiovascular Health: CVIA State-of-the-Art Review Introduction * the biologic factors causing mammalian aging process is still poorly understood * aging is one of the most common risk factors for human disease why do we age? * the rate of ageing varies substantially across different species, and this is mainly genetically based and the biological mechanisms which regulate…

Wood's lamp - UV light for dermatologic assessment - [Wavelength utility]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 09:35:55 +0000

Wood's lamp - UV light for dermatologic assessment see also: * dermatology * tinea fungal infections Introduction * the Wood's lamp emits long wave UV light (typically in the 320–400 nm range, with a peak wavelength around 365 nm and traditionally use Wood’s glass - barium silicate with nickel oxide that blocks most visible light while transmitting UVA, but new devices usually just use 365nm LEDs) which is used to detect flourescence of skin or hair to help diagnose various conditions

TGA approved therapeutic goods, devices and software - [Classification of TGA approved medical ...

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 08:51:51 +0000

TGA approved therapeutic goods, devices and software see also: * * * Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) Introduction * most therapeutic goods in Australia must be approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) * therapeutic goods include: * medicines - includes prescription, over-the-counter and com…

unregulated peptides - [Introduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 08:39:37 +0000

unregulated peptides see also: * hormones * sports injuries * Introduction * a number of synthetic injectable peptides are being sold which have not been approved by TGA and which may be harmful * their use is often driven by social media influencers who often spread medical misinformation

thermal imaging - [Introduction]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 05:05:57 +0000

thermal imaging see also: * dermatology * Wood's lamp - UV light for dermatologic assessment Introduction * thermal imaging technology has rapidly developed and has now become very affordable * they are used in many industries to detect hot spots such as in electrical or electronic circuit components *

Periorbital and orbital cellulitis - [Mx of periorbital cellulitis in children]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 03:43:26 +0000

Periorbital and orbital cellulitis see also: * cellulitis * antibiotics * perichondritis / ear/auricle/pinna cellulitis * RCH guideline - periorbital and orbital cellulitis Introduction * periorbital (“preseptal”) cellulitis is superficial and does not extend deep to the orbital septum but may do so in which case it becomes orbital cellulitis * orbital cellulitis extends deep to the orbital septum and risks permanent eye damage, intracranial infection and sepsis

dermatology - [dermatology]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 22:04:46 +0000

dermatology see also: * psoriasis * mouth ulcers * papular rashes * pustular rashes * the petechial rash / purpura * the linear skin lesion or rash * facial rashes * acute generalized non-vesicular non-purpuric rashes covering most parts of the body * skin nodular "rash" * keloidiform "rash" * scalp folliculitis * acne rosacea * atopic eczema * seborrheic dermatitis * blepharitis / dry eyes * angular cheilitis (cracked corners of the mouth) * xanthelasma * madarosis (loss of …

spirometry lung function tests - [Normal values for healthy adults]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 14:48:03 +0000

spirometry lung function tests see also: * respiratory medicine * Aust. asthma Foundation QRG to spirometry for GPs * Aust. Asthma Foundation's buying guide for spirometers for GPs * eg. amongst the least expensive are the very light, compact PC-based spirometers such as: * MIR MiniSpir 2 at $AU999 excl. gst but includes 60 free turbine mouthpieces Introduction * spirometry provides an assessment of lung function by measuring:

foods that may be toxic or bad for you - [food or beverage constituents that are generally harmful]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 12:05:20 +0000

foods that may be toxic or bad for you see also: * toxinology * blue-green algae (BGA) toxins in waterways * food poisoning * air pollution and health risks * bio-accumulations and long term health * diets and healthy foods * Toxins (Basel). 2010 Sep Naturally Occurring Food Toxins Introduction * anything taken too much is bad for you - even water and oxygen * foods can cause illness if: * a person has a medically specific intolerance * a person has an allergy -

growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 00:05:36 +0000

growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) see also: * hormones * innate immunity * cachexia * anorexia Introduction * the peptide hormone growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) wa discovered in 1997 and has been found to have a range of roles in physiology and pathophysiologic processes

the brain - [Specific neuronal circuits]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 23:50:39 +0000

the brain see also: * brain evolution and development * cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) * stroke (CVA) * neurology * consciousness * memory * speech / dysphasias * dementia * modelling the brain: * Dec 2023: Uni of Cambridge, UK, announces by using their new concept 3D “spatially embedded recurrent neural networks” (seRNNs) they have created a self-organizing, artificially intelligent system that uses the same tricks as the human brain to solve specific tasks. The seRNNs converged on str…

rhinitis - [allergic rhinitis (hay fever)]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 23:24:56 +0000

rhinitis see also: * sinusitis * coryza / the common cold / viral rhinopharyngitis / rhinitis introduction * viral rhinitis (eg. Common Cold virus) and allergic rhinitis are very common causes of rhinitis * autonomic stimuli have a greater effect on patients with nonallergic rhinitis than on those with allergic rhinitis

glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide analogs (eg. Ozempic) - [oral]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 23:20:27 +0000

glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide analogs (eg. Ozempic) see also: * oral hypoglycaemic agents * obesity and weight management * glucagon Introduction * these peptides mimic the action of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and need to be given by s/c injection * patients with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus often have defects in the effect of incretin

prostate cancer - [general health measures]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 12:47:36 +0000

prostate cancer see also: * urology * neoplasia / cancer / tumours * prostate specific antigen (PSA) * benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) introduction * typically a disease of men over age 50 years, but those at risk tend to be advised screening from age 40 years * localised cancer is usually asymptomatic and is usually discovered by the detection of a nodule on rectal examination, or finding an elevated

hyperuricaemia - [aetiology:]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 10:34:27 +0000

hyperuricaemia see also: * uric acid * gout * uricosuric agents * oncology Introduction * whilst low serum urate levels are associated with lower muscle mass, chronic illness and thus is associated with higher morbidity, high uric acid (urate) levels (hyperuricaemia) is associated with

gout - [Epidemiology]

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 10:33:30 +0000

gout see also: * colchicine * non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) * uricosuric agents * hyperuricaemia * allopurinol * urolithiasis / renal stones / renal calculi Historical perspective * Described by Hippocrates * Podagra was the foot goddess, a bad tempered virgin, who attacked victims after they overindulged. * Autumn crocus used to Rx arthritis in 6th Century *

renal clearance / excretion - [Example - how long does it take to excrete a meal's worth or ...

gary1@undisclosed.example.com (gary1) — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 10:11:31 +0000

renal clearance / excretion see also: * renal physiology * renal medicine (nephrology) * urinalysis * pathology tests - urea, creatinine, eGFR, creatinine clearance, etc Introduction * there are a variety of ways to assess renal excretion rates of a substance Absolute renal clearance * absolute renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a substance by the kidneys over unit time